N-Hexadecanoyl-D₉ (13,13,14,14,15,15,16,16,16)-monosialoganglioside GM₃ (NH₄⁺ salt)

As this product is derived from a natural source, there may be variations in the sphingoid backbone.

This deuterated ganglioside is ideal for the identification of gangliosides in samples and biological systems using mass spectrometry.¹ Gangliosides² are acidic glycosphingolipids that form lipid rafts in the outer leaflet of the cell plasma membrane, especially in neuronal cells in the central nervous system.³ They participate in cellular proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, signal transduction, cell-to-cell interactions, tumorigenesis, and metastasis.⁴ The accumulation of gangliosides has been linked to several diseases including Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease. GM₃ is the main ganglioside of human fibroblasts and can regulate fibroblast and epidermal growth factors⁵ and is also able to regulate the adhesion and migration of several carcinoma cell lines. GM₃ was also shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion. GM₃ can induce human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells to differentiate to monocyte/macrophage lineage instead of granulocytes.⁶